Master's degree

None

Nurse Practitioners, also referred to as advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs), coordinate patient care and may provide primary and specialty healthcare. The scope of practice varies from state to state.

Bachelor's degree

Less than 5 years

Medical and Health Services Managers, also called healthcare executives or healthcare administrators, plan, direct, and coordinate medical and health services. They may manage an entire facility, a specific clinical area or department, or a medical practice for a group of physicians. Medical and health services managers must adapt to changes in healthcare laws, regulations, and technology.

Master's degree

None

Physician Assistants, also known as PAs, examine, diagnose, and treat patients under the supervision of a physician.

Doctoral or professional degree

Less than 5 years

Postsecondary Health Specialties Teachers instruct students in a variety of health specialties related subjects beyond the high school level. They may also conduct research and publish scholarly papers and books.

Bachelor's degree

None

Computer Systems Analysts, sometimes called systems architects, study an organization's current computer systems and procedures and design improvements to them. In doing so, these analysts help the organization operate more efficiently.

Master's degree

None

Nurse Anesthetists, also referred to as advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs), coordinate patient care and may provide primary and specialty healthcare. The scope of practice varies from state to state.

Doctoral or professional degree

None

Optometrists diagnose, manage, and treat conditions and diseases of the human eye and visual system, including examining eyes and prescribing corrective lenses.

Doctoral or professional degree

None

Psychiatrists are doctors who diagnose, treat, and help prevent psychological and brain disorders.

Master's degree

None

Nurse Midwives, also referred to as advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs), coordinate patient care and may provide primary and specialty healthcare. The scope of practice varies from state to state.

Doctoral or professional degree

None

Pharmacists dispense prescription medications and provide information to patients about the drugs and their use. They also advise physicians and other healthcare workers on the selection, dosage, interactions, and side effects of medications to treat health problems. They may help patients with their overall health through activities such as providing immunizations.

Master's degree

None

Psychologists study cognitive, emotional, and social processes and behavior by observing, interpreting, and recording how people relate to one another and to their environments. They use their findings to help improve processes and behaviors. This category included psychologists not included in other categories.

Doctoral or professional degree

None

Ophthalmologists diagnose and perform surgery to treat and help prevent disorders and diseases of the eye. May also provide vision services for treatment including glasses and contacts.

Doctoral or professional degree

None

Physicians diagnose and treat injuries or illnesses. This category includes all physicians not included in other categories.

Bachelor's degree

None

Medical Dosimetrists generate radiation treatment plans, develop radiation dose calculations, communicate and supervise the treatment plan implementation, and consult with members of radiation oncology team.

Doctoral or professional degree

None

Radiologists diagnose and treat diseases and injuries using medical imaging techniques, such as x rays, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), nuclear medicine, and ultrasounds. May perform minimally invasive medical procedures and tests.

Doctoral or professional degree

None

Neurologists diagnose, manage, and treat disorders and diseases of the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves, with a primarily nonsurgical focus.

Doctoral or professional degree

None

Podiatrists diagnose illnesses, treat injuries, and perform surgery for people with foot, ankle, and lower leg problems.

Doctoral or professional degree

None

Family Medicine Physicians diagnose, treat, and provide preventive care to individuals and families across the lifespan. May refer patients to specialists when needed for further diagnosis or treatment.

Doctoral or professional degree

None

Cardiologists diagnose, treat, manage, and prevent diseases or conditions of the cardiovascular system. May further subspecialize in interventional procedures (e.g., balloon angioplasty and stent placement), echocardiography, or electrophysiology.

Doctoral or professional degree

None

Orthopedic Surgeons diagnose and perform surgery to treat and prevent rheumatic and other diseases in the musculoskeletal system.

Doctoral or professional degree

None

Dermatologists diagnose and treat diseases relating to the skin, hair, and nails. May perform both medical and dermatological surgery functions.

Doctoral or professional degree

None

Obstetricians and Gynecologists are doctors who provide medical care related to the female reproductive system. While obstetricians focus on pregnancy and childbirth, gynecologists diagnose, treat, and help prevent women's reproductive disorders and diseases.

Doctoral or professional degree

None

General Internal Medicine Physicians diagnose and provide nonsurgical treatment for a wide range of diseases and injuries of internal organ systems. Provide care mainly for adults and adolescents, and are based primarily in an outpatient care setting.

Doctoral or professional degree

None

Pediatricians are doctors who diagnose, treat, and help prevent children's diseases and injuries.

Doctoral or professional degree

None

Anesthesiologists are doctors who administer anesthetics prior to, during, or after surgery or other medical procedures.